2021-12-02 08:56:03|已瀏覽：139次
托福獨立寫作考查的是考生對詞匯的運用，相信很多考生都出現過類似的情況吧，在寫作時，明明很簡單的詞匯卻出錯了，所以為了避免大家出錯，在這里簡單整理了一些常用而又易出錯的詞匯。
一、托福獨立寫作詞匯錯誤：主謂一致
我們來看以下句子：
Admittedly, books written on the basis of realities is valuable to most people.
A less complicated social environment is the most agreeable condition that help maintain the simplicity of children’s mental world.
第 一句句子的主語是books，因此謂語動詞應該用復數形式are而不是is，這就是“主謂一致”，即：謂語動詞在單復數形式上要和主語保持一致。因此，原句的正確表達為：Admittedly, books written on the basis of realities are valuable to most people.
第二句句子的主語是a less complicated social environment，謂語動詞應該用單數形式helps. 因此，原句的正確表達為：A less complicated social environment is the most agreeable condition that helps maintain the simplicity of children’s mental world.
我們再來看以下句子：
The number of students who walk to school has been significantly increased.
A large number of advertisers are filling commercials with appealing visual effects so as to spark consumers’ desires to buy such targeted products.
在托福獨立寫作中，the number of和a large number of是考生經常使用的兩個短語，前者表示“…的數量”，后者表示“大量的”。第 一句句子中的主語是the number of students，“學生的數量”是單數的，所以謂語應該使用單數形式has，而不是have. 又如：There has been a sharp increase in the number of Internet users since last year. 第二句句子中的主語是a large number of advertisers，“大量的廣告商”是復數的，所以謂語應該使用復數形式are，而不是is.
二、托福獨立寫作詞匯錯誤：謂語動詞的表現形式
我們來看以下句子：
Most students like to watch TV cannot finish their homework in time.
Children who find passion in sports holding on to this passion throughout life, which leads to a healthier and more successful future.
第 一句句子中like to watch TV和cannot finish their homework in time都是謂語動詞，一般而言，兩個謂語動詞需要用連詞(如and或but)進行連接，或者可以將like to watch TV變為從句，如：Most students who like to watch TV cannot finish their homework in time(定語從句).
第二句句子沒有謂語。句子中who find passion in sports是修飾children的“定語從句”，which leads to a healthier and more successful future是以which為引導的“非限定性定語從句”。整句句子的謂語動詞應該是hold，而不應該使用非謂語形式(holding)。在托福獨立寫作中，尤其要注意there be句型中“謂語的表現形式”，如：
There are a great variety of articles and topics accurately reflect the diversity of users’ interest.
因為there be句型中的be本身就是謂語成分，所以不能使用reflect，而應改為：There are a great variety of articles and topics that accurately reflect the diversity of users’ interest(定語從句);或There are a great variety of articles and topics accurately reflecting the diversity of users’ interest(非謂語結構)。
三、托福獨立寫作詞匯錯誤：謂語動詞的語態
“語態”表現的是主語和謂語之間的關系，托福獨立寫作中主要使用“主動語態”，不建議頻繁使用“被動語態”。
我們來看以下句子：
Many children can avoid their most disliked courses if they are given the opportunity to choose.
Because the content of an e-book is delivered electronically to their devices, students can shop for e-books and receive them almost immediately, any time of the day or night.
第 一句句子中“避免最不喜歡的課程”動作的發出者是“孩子們”，因此是“主動語態”;而他們“被”提供機會進行選擇是“被動”的。第二句句子中“電子書的內容”和“將電子版本傳輸到學生的設備之中”是“被動”的關系，而學生“購買電子圖書”和“不管白天還是黑夜，可以第 一時間收到這些圖書”都是“主動”的關系。
我們來看下面的例句：
Modern citizens are faced unprecedented psychological pressure when they are heavily loaded with mountains of information from the network of mass media.
從句中，they (指現代公民，modern citizens)和滿載著大量信息(load with mountains of information)是“被動”的關系，而他們和面臨空前的心理壓力(face unprecedented psychological pressure)是“主動”的關系，所以原句應該改為：Modern citizens are facing unprecedented psychological pressure when they are heavily loaded with mountains of information from the network of mass media.
在托福獨立寫作中，face是考生經常需要使用到的單詞，解釋為“面臨、直面”，face也是一個很難正確使用的單詞。當要表達“他面臨著很多生意上的麻煩”意思的時候，考生可以使用He is facing many business troubles. 或者He is faced with many business troubles. 因為face往往用于“主動語態”，而be faced with用于“被動語態”，又如：
When facing overwhelming challenges, each individual should be well equipped with a vast range of knowledge and a broadened mind.
When they are faced with the increasingly powerful domination of money, people ought to take precautions as early as possible so as not to become slaves of wealth.
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