透過文字本質學習解GRE難題

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2021-12-21 09:34:45|已瀏覽：152次

透過文字本質學習解GRE難題

GRE考試中文章的作者意圖總是讓我們云山霧罩。看清作者意圖一方面對選擇有著極大幫助，另一方面，對于細節的考察，我們也從態度上得到暗示。下面就為大家分享gre備考資料，解析下GRE文字如何通過文字態度分析題目。

一、直接考察態度
一篇文章當中，態度的重要性不言而喻，尤其是作者的態度。我們一起來看看兩個GRE考試文章的態度考題以及文章中的節選部分。
Her method is partly documentary in nature: the novel includes such features as a carefully annotated reproduction of dialect, the exact details of food prices in an account of a tea party, an itemized description of the furniture of the Bartons’ living room, and a transcription (again annotated) of the ballad “The Oldham Weaver”. The interest of this record is considerable, even though the method has a slightly distancing effect.
1. Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude toward Gaskell’s use of the method of documentary record in Mary Barton?

A. uncritical enthusiasm
B. Unresolved ambivalence
C. Qualified approval
D. Resigned acceptance
E. Mild irritation

我們來分析第一題，這屬于態度最經典的考法，審題過程中，注意題干上的態度所有者author和態度對象documentary record�；匚亩ㄎ焕胐ocumentary來確定上面節選的幾句話。答案來自于定位層次最后一句，分析態度有兩個方向即正負，但別忘了，如果同時存在還要分析正負的強弱性。比如interest是正向的，considerable是正向的程度。而distancing effect距離感是負向的，slightly是負向的程度。所以關于documentary的態度文章中是正強負弱。帶著分析結果來看選項：
A不加區分的，不加批評的熱情，這是一個純正的選項,錯。B 未解決的不確定，錯。C有限制的贊成，qualify在閱讀當中是一個對過很多次的詞匯(同學最喜歡聽這樣的表達)，這個單詞除了我們常見的合格或者使有資格，gre當中最常用的就是limit或者restrict這個含義，部分限制，c選項的意思是對正向加一些限制，完全吻合文中的含義，對。
D勉強的接受，這個resign除了辭職的意思外，還有屈從順從或者勉強接受的意思，那這個選項是負向態度更多，錯。E輕微的憤怒，憤怒這個單詞是不會用來形容作者的觀點的，錯。
As a member of the middle class, Gaskell could hardly help approaching working-class life as an outside observer and a reporter, and the reader of the novel is always conscious of this fact. But there is genuine imaginative re-creation in her accounts of the walk in Green Heys Fields, of tea at the Bartons’ house, and of John Barton and his friend’s discovery of the starving family in the cellar in the chapter “Poverty and Death.” Indeed, for a similarly convincing re-creation of such families’ emotions and responses (which are more crucial than the material details on which the mere reporter is apt to concentrate), the English novel had to wait 60 years for the early writing of D. H. Lawrence. If Gaskell never quite conveys the sense of full participation that would completely authenticate this aspect of Mary Bartons, she still brings to these scenes an intuitive recognition of feelings that has its own sufficient conviction.
2. It can be inferred that the author of the passage believes that Mary Barton might have been an even better novel if Gaskell

A. concentrated on the emotions of a single character
B. made no attempt to re-create experiences of which she had no firsthand knowledge
C. made no attempt to reproduce working-class dialects
D. grown up in an industrial city
E. managed to transcend her position as an outsider

來分析第二題，題干上并沒有像第一題一樣直接給出attitude，而是問“如果Gaskell做什么，Mary Barton這個小說會更好”。既然問怎么樣會更好，就證明現在是有負向性的，那么這個題就是定位回文章中的作者負向態度點即可。文章中第一次負向性通過上一個例題我們已經知道，是針對documentary record。
節選的這個段落第一句說作為中產階級，Gaskell只能以outsider的身份來寫，并且讀者都知道她寫的不是自己的生活。但接下來評價她再創造的內容特點是genuine和convincing。最后一句話重復上面的評價，從來都沒有傳遞過百分百的參與感，她仍然給我們帶來的可信的場景描述。句子當中的負向性比distancing effect要難以識別，是來自于Gaskell的outsider身份。
兩次負向性都找到了，答案對其中任何一次取反都可以。最后確定答案是E(managed to transcend her position as an outsider)。
二、間接利用態度
我們來看一篇文章中的兩個題目
1. The author suggests that in considering the biodiversity of islands, Evans

A. focuses too exclusively on terrestrial resources
B. misunderstands the relationship between an island’s size and its terrestrial resources
C. misinterprets the work of MacArthur and Wilson
D. is wrong to assume that more remote islands support fewer species
E. downplays the ways that human communities adapt to island biodiversity

2. The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. evaluate two contrasting approaches to island biodiversity
B. discuss the relevance of certain data pertaining to island biodiversity
C. call into question a particular understanding of island biodiversity
D. consider various reasons for reduced biodiversity on islands
E. contrast large and small islands in terms of overall biodiversity

雖然沒有節選文章，但通過第一題的選項我們發現作者對Evans這個人一定是負向態度，因為五個選項都只是給出具體負向的原因。那么第二題的主旨我們就可以利用作者的負向性態度來優先閱讀C選項。如果C就是對的，即可停止。這種情況下可以節省我們的做題時間，反過來思考，如果作者沒有對文中觀點給情感色彩，只是呈現別人的觀點，選項中的態度也可以用來排除。比如下面這個例題中的C和D
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. present a scientific theory that challenges a widely held theory
B. summarize the basis for a large body of scientific research
C. defend an established scientific theory in light of recent criticism
D. express skepticism about the results obtained by a particular researcher
E. compare the results of two particular scientific studies

Defend和express skepticism都要求文章中有作者的明確態度才可能有機會對。我們今天只是說到了作者的態度，其實文章中其他人物的態度同樣重要也可以直接解題，我們改天再聊吧!

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